Pride and Prejudice †review Essay

Jane Austen was born on December 16, 1775 to the Reverend George Austen and his wife in Hampshire, England. The sixth child out of the seven, Jane was educated mostly at her home although she and her sister, Cassandra, were sent away to school for several years when they were young. Austen wrote several novels when she was in her teens, but her major works were written later on in her life. ‘Pride and Prejudice’, was first published in 1813. Austen began writing the novel in 1796 at the age of twenty-one. The first title was originally called ‘First Impressions’. Between 1810 and 1812 ‘Pride and Prejudice’ was rewritten for publication. ‘Pride and Prejudice’ is usually considered to be the most popular of Austen’s novels. This novel is mainly about people expressing both pride and prejudice in their relationships. The main theme of the novel is marriage, which reoccurs throughout the story and it is marriage which attracted Lydia to run off with Mr Wickham. There is pressure on women of these times to marry properly this is because the women need to get financial safety, not for just themselves, but also for their families too. In this novel the most important cause of marriage for a woman were financially and a high social position. The first line of the novel justifies this and explains what the novel is about. â€Å"It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife† (Chapter 1) This is a wonderful introductory line written by Jane Austen to introduce and outline much of this romantic novel. There are various reactions of Lydia going to Brighton by the Bennet family as they all have their own response and thoughts. Mr. Bennet is the husband of Mrs. Bennet and the father of Elizabeth, Jane, Mary, Kitty and Lydia. He is the master of Longbourn. He has a sarcastic humor intelligent and believes his two eldest daughters sensible, while he finds his wife and younger daughters silly. He does wants to be bothered as little as possible by his family. Even when Elizabeth warns him not to allow Lydia to go to Brighton, he does not listen to her because he does not want to be bothered with Lydia’s complaints. Mrs. Bennet is a different person does not really care about her daughter’s education. From the beginning of the novel her only obsession is to marry off her daughters to wealthy men, as she has a greed for wealth. Her only joys come from visiting others and gossip. She is a self-centered person and causes humiliation to the family due to her inappropriate behavior. Elizabeth Bennet is the second oldest of five sisters. Elizabeth is lively, smart, and intelligent. Her father and herself are not too different in their characteristics therefore she has a good relationship with her father and makes decisions wisely due to her intelligence. She is not scared to express her feelings and gets along with people very well except those who think they are far more superior to her, for example Darcy in the beginning but later on through the novel Elizabeth discovers Darcy to be a fine gentleman. Jane Bennet is the eldest Bennet daughter and is considered quite pretty by all has a good relationship with Elizabeth. She is Beautiful, friendly, sweet, sociable, humble and noble. Jane never thinks badly of anybody. Kitty Bennet is the third daughter in the family, and she is more under the influence of Lydia, Kitty follows what ever Lydia does. She effect by Lydia going off to Brighton. Mary Bennet The third oldest of the Bennet sisters, she is the most modest of the five daughters .She dislikes going out into the public, and uses her time studying instead. Lydia Bennet The youngest of the Bennet sisters, she is a self-centered girl who is the flirting kind. However she is the liveliest out of all the sisters. She is the first to get married despite her being a young teenager. She also has similar characteristics to her mother. She doesn’t really care about her family members after her marriage. The various reactions of Lydia going to Brighton are mainly negative. This is due to Lydia’s ridiculous thinking. She’s an extremely self-absorbed teenager. She has a great interest in men and particularly officers. She begins flirting with them once they have settled in the town and also admires and enjoys their presence, and exposes this in freely, in view of the fact that she has no shame. Due to her selfishness Lydia commits foolish acts which affect her and her reputation and mostly has an effect on her family. She shows a negative impression of her family by eloping with Mr Wickham mainly because she also has another four sisters who are keen to get married and their chances of doing so have diminished. She does what she likes without thinking of the consequences to come. It is like she is in a world of her own and doesn’t realise the bad reputation her family is developing because of her immature behaviour. Lydia is invited be her friend to Brighton by Mrs. Forster. Mrs. Bennet is extremely excited and pleased for Lydia’s trip to Brighton and wished all the best for her. â€Å"Mrs Bennet was diffuse in her good wishes for the felicity of her daughter and impressive in her injunctions that she would not miss the opportunity of enjoying herself as much as possible† (Chapter 41) Mrs. Bennet was totally trusting Lydia to go Brighton and thought she was old and mature to take care of her self, awareness to what the entire family is going to face shortly and how it will effect her sister’s chances of marriage. Lydia begins celebrating she is thrilled, perhaps because of the reason that she will be with the presence of the regiment. â€Å"Lydia Flew about the house in restless ecstasy, calling for everyone’s congratulations, and laughing and talking†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Chapter 41) She showed this excitement by roaming the house in happiness. She was awareness about her sister Kitty’s feelings and how degraded she feels, lonely and neglected. Kitty doesn’t understand why Mrs. Forster doesn’t ask her to come to Brighton too. â€Å"I cannot see why Mrs. Forster should not ask me as well as Lydia† (Chapter 41) Kitty as mentioned before follows Lydia in what ever she does and feels as though that she should be going as well due to her close relationship with Lydia. She becomes extremely upset, expressive and is envious towards Lydia. â€Å"The separation between her and her family was rather noisy and pathetic. Kitty was the only one who shed tears but she did weep from vexation and envy.† (Chapter 41) Kitty was mostly envious towards Lydia because of her trip to Brighton she was jealous and she wanted to go as much as her sister wanted to go. . She is saddened by the fact that Mrs. Forster requests Lydia to go and not her and can’t do anything about it. â€Å"Though I am not her particular friend. I have just as much right to be asked as she has, and more too, for I am two years older.† (Chapter 41) Kitty cannot accept the fact that she will not be going and exposes her frustration. Kitty gradually becomes resentful of Lydia’s attention. Lydia is unaware of Kitty because of her self-centeredness. Lydia and Kitty are very similar to one another when talking about their characteristics due to this, if Kitty would have gone she would have copied Lydia’s interest of men, and may have also began flirting just like her sister, and soon enough eloping with an officer and getting married just like Lydia. So by Kitty not going she may perhaps have been saved by the hazard she may have faced if she were to go. However, Elizabeth as the second oldest, was entirely aware of the situation and Lydia’s potential and capability, and is worried of what may occur if Lydia does go to Brighton. Mr. Bennet is a person who doesn’t not want to be bothered by his families problems so as a result he does not think about the damage Lydia may cause if she goes. Mr. Bennet just wants quiet and peace; by letting Lydia go perhaps he has the impression that there will be less botheration from his family. As mentioned before, Elizabeth has the same distinctiveness as her father and realizes that Lydia is not mature enough to go to Brighton so she tries and convince her father to think twice. â€Å"If you were aware.† said Elizabeth, â€Å"of the very great disadvantage to us all, which must arise from the public notice of Lydia’s unguarded and imprudent manner; nay, which has already arisen from it, I am sure you would judge differently in the affair.† (Chapter 41) Elizabeth is worried about Lydia going to Brighton and is trying her best to change her fathers mind and trying to stop her father giving Lydia permission to go. She also thinks that Kitty may be affected by this and points this out. â€Å"In this danger Kitty is also comprehended. She will follow wherever Lydia leads. Vain, ignorant, idle, and absolutely uncontrolled! â€Å" (Chapter 41) Kitty follows Lydia in everything she does and Elizabeth realises this and is concerned, and mentions it. Elizabeth also expresses her frustration also by telling her father how the rest of the family can also be affected. Mr. Bennet is well aware of Lydia and her capabilities and her attitude towards men, especially officers, but simply doesn’t care and wants her to leave for the good of the town and possibly the family, as he mentions this to Elizabeth. â€Å"We shall have no peace at Longbourn if Lydia does not go to Brighton.† (Chapter 41) This quotation shows us that Mr. Bennet has no concern about his daughters and can’t be bothered. He fails to complete his duties as a proper father to the family. It may have been because of him not listening to Elizabeth that the bad reputation that Lydia soon gives to the family. This may have happened because of his immature behavior as a father. Despite the argument between Elizabeth and her father, Lydia is still sent to Brighton. After sometime the situation in Longbourn improves and Kitty overcomes her emotions. Later Elizabeth begins to have feelings for Darcy and is quite thrilled when she hears that she is going to meet him while on a trip with her aunty Mrs. Gardiner. Elizabeth arrives at Pemberley where Mr. Darcy was also. Her relationship with Darcy was improving on a regularly for the duration of her stay. She discovered what type of man Darcy actually is. She also gets to meet Georgiana Darcy the sister of Darcy. She is found very pleasant and charming to Elizabeth by surprise. While Elizabeth was on her trip she receives letters, one of them stating that Lydia had eloped with Mr. Wickham, she was shaken by the message and totally astonished that her sister had done such a thing. The emotions Elizabeth was going through made her burst in tears. â€Å"She burst into tears as she alluded to it and for a few minutes could not speak another word, (Chapter 46) Elizabeth is obviously in disbelief and in shock. She is worries about Lydia and the reputation and shame she have bought on the family, she must be also worried about her father feeling because it was his idea to allow Lydia to go in the first place. â€Å"Lydia-the humiliation, the misery, she was bringing on them all, soon swallowed up every private care. (Chapter 46) Jane expresses her devastation and requests that Elizabeth to return as soon as possible since there is disorder and astonishment from this shameless act by Lydia. The whole family regrets sending Lydia to Brighton. M r. Bennet is going through an immensely tense emotional situation. Mr Bennet on the other hand, handles the case with ease and isn’t extremely stressed compared to the rest of the family is. Kitty was told about the news and was not surprised at all, as if she was expecting it from her sister. â€Å"To Kitty, however, it does not seem so wholly unexpected.† (Chapter 47) Jane points out this in her letter. Kitty already has negative feelings about this matter and wasn’t really surprised. Elizabeth is totally overwhelmed by sad emotions mostly due to her absence and her concern for Lydia. Mr Darcy becomes aware of this situation and decides to think of a solution to the problem, as he is trying to build up a relationship with Lydia, this could be the chance to show he cares about her and her family and can feel the pain she is going through whilst thinking about the awful reputation that her family will have to face later on. The Bennets were completely disgraced by this and were mocked and looked bad upon by the community. However, there was still a way for the family to get rid of the reputation, which the family desperately hoped for that to happen was for Wickham to marry Lydia, as that was vital for a better future for the family, especially the sisters as they still have to get married. Mr Darcy shortly takes action and meets Wickham, and completes Wickham’s demands by paying off all his debts off which then soon encouraged Wickham to decide on marring Lydia. While everyone was miserable and disgusted by Lydia’s untrustworthiness and selfishness they were quite soon relieved, after hearing that Wickham was due to marry Lydia. Darcy’s attendance was very important in this and he also deserves an immense amount of praise for doing the right thing and sort out the problem in which Elizabeth was going through. . The matter is soon solved and Lydia is back together along with her family. She feel proud that she is the first out of the five daughters to get married and her parents are very proud too especially their mother as she was excited for her daughters marriages. Conclusion â€Å"Pride and Prejudice† is a book in which we can be taught that having pride and arrogance is not liked to have in your individuality as a person. It destroys your status inside a community an example of this from the book is Mr Darcy, who in due course shows his true qualities and changes from a disliked person to well-liked Lydia is a cheerful young lady after her wedding which Mr. Darcy showed by returning the Bennet’s family reputation the right way by speaking and encouraging his friend Mr. Wickham to marry Lydia as soon as possible On the other hand, her other sister Elizabeth finds herself a man who can become a great husband for her. Mr Darcy establishes this constantly because of his support to Elizabeth and his . Mr and Mrs Bennet, Jane, Kitty and Mary are all happy for Lydia after the family come together after her marriage ceremony. . The elopement of a woman with a man was very common at that time. As we can see from Mrs Bennet’s reaction it is a painful experience upon the mother as well as the entire family. The whole community changes their sight about the Bennet family due to a self-centred person mistake by Lydia. The story also gives us an image of how romance and relationships took place during that time enabling us to compare and contrast it with the present and we can see what sort of relationships went on between the men and women of the 19th century It all shows that how one person and by a mistake can destroy the family and effect everyone else in the family especially the parents.

Mis Wintergear Case Study Essay

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Paragraphs analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

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Are Entrepreneurs More Happy than Others Entrepreneurship and Research Proposal

Are Entrepreneurs More Happy than Others Entrepreneurship and Happiness - Research Proposal Example m and they remain inspired despite the fact that they can make less income than people who are employed, additionally, they work more hours, and deal with a lot of stress compared to employed people (Baron and Shane, 2007). Secondly, it is important to focus on this particular topic in order to establish if indeed people who are employed are not as equally as happy as entrepreneurs are and if so, establish the source of the unhappiness despite the fact that they face fewer challenges and they are certain about the future. According to the theory presented by Abrams (2012), happiness is interlinked with motivation and therefore a person who is motivated is equally happy but this argument present a research gap in the sense that motivation are derived from factors such as money or incentives, financial security, and conducive working environment that is stress free. Therefore, factors that create motivation are not equally the factors that create happiness since it is argued that entrepreneurs are usually happy but at times, they make much less than people who are employed. Consequently, it will be critical to identify how happiness is measured or factors that determine the level of happiness. According to Naude (2012), there has been a significant increase in the cases of suicide amongst European entrepreneurs mostly during the recent economic crisis that largely affected the region since there was an erosion of social protection because of the fiscal austerity measures that had been implemented by various governments. Such a case further question how happiness is measured since it is stated that entrepreneurs are naturally happier despite the fact that at times they make less, face more challenges and uncertainties. However, it is noted this case scenario that during crises entrepreneurs become unhappy to the extent of committing suicide while it had earlier been stated that entrepreneurs are not necessarily motivated by money and always prefer challenges posed

Peak Oil Essay Example for Free

Peak Oil Essay In recent years various scientists, among them petroleum engineer Jean Laherrere and petrogeologists Colin Campbell, have argued that global oil production would peak in the early 2000s. This is known as peak oil, the tipping point in which oil production begins to decline, and is based primarily upon the work of M. King Hubbert, a petrogeologist who worked for Shell Oil Company from the 40s to 60s. (Deffeyes, 2001) Hubbert’s predictions of a dire future for oil were not unprecedented, and many individuals before him had raised alarm over the future of oil, but ultimately turned out to be Cassandras. As such, it is not entirely surprising that any succeeding warnings about oil have been dismissed by both the American public and oil companies themselves. However, controversy over the veracity of his claims ended when U. S. oil production began to decline, ultimately proving him correct. (Deffeyes, 2001) The model used in Hubbert’s peak oil theory has come to be known as the Hubbert curve or Hubbert’s peak. This is because his theory, as he presented it to the American Petroleum Institute, rests on the position that petroleum production in any given territory tends to follow a bell curve. Hubbert based this theory on the observation that the oil reserves in any production site are finite, and that when half of the reserves are gone, extraction rate begins to decline. (Hubbert, 1956) Any given curve has a point of maximum production where the initial pre-peak points on it are where production increases rapidly due to the combination of discovery rate and infrastructural developments, but after the peak, production declines due to the depletion of reserves. In effect, the cost of oil extraction decreases as production approaches peak, but after peak, the cost of oil extraction begins to increase as less oil can be extracted from the reserves. (Campbell Laherrere, 1998) Hubbert’s theory came into widespread currency not only after oil peaked in U. S, but when it was found that the curve fit production models in foreign oil states as well.

Why Authoritarian Governments In Asia Control The Media Politics Essay

Why Authoritarian Governments In Asia Control The Media Politics Essay Authoritarian regimes or governments have always been considered by western scholars or politicians as standing on the opposite side of democracy. In those states within which media are controlled, the freedom of speech, human rights and democracy remain big concerns of those democrats. Asia, the largest continent in the world, boasts its diversified politic forms, be it democratic regimes, like Japan, Hong Kong, Taiwan, South Korean and quasi-democratic ones like Thailand, as well as authoritarian ones like Mainland China, North Korean and Burma. The role of media in Asia varies with the political style, from free to control. This essay, then, mainly focuses on exploring the reason why authoritarian regime expects to take control of media from the political, cultural, technological and economic perspectives. à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚  Media in authoritarian rule in Asia Authoritarian government refers to the government that concentrates power in the hands of a leader or a small group of elites unelected by the people; and is opposed to individualism and democracy. Although authoritarian governments always claim that their existence is to protect the country and to provide discipline and order to its way of life and that the traditional culture should be aggressively maintained against encroaching external or contemporary culture (Robert McKenzie, 2006 73-74), the reality is in the opposite side that those basic components of a civil society like human rights, free information, free speech, social justice, etc. are almost eliminated or constrained in the so called order and traditional culture. As what Myung-Jin Park,James Curran(1999) point out, authoritarian regimes can be divided into three major forms: single-party regime, military regime and religious regime. In Asia, countries can be entitled as authoritarian are Brunei (the executive authority lies with the unelected sultan), China (state under communist single party rule), Laos (a communist single party state), Burma (military rule), North Korea (one-party rule), Oman (ruled by a hereditary sultan, and no political parties are legal and no opposition movement), Qatar (ruled by hereditary emirates), Saudi Arabia Syria United Arab Emirates (ruled by hereditary emirates), Vietnam (communist single-party state). Media in these authoritarian regimes can be either privately or publicly owned but must resort to the control of the state. Such control means that the media are never allowed to expose the information that opposes the will of ruling class or interest groups strictly related to the government. Media can criticize the government, but not the supreme level which takes the hold of the highest power. They have certain degree of freedom, but it is only restricted to the reports and programs unrelated to political areas, such as entertainment, sports, travel, etc. In authoritarian rule, Robert McKenzie (2006) points out two procedures that are commonly implemented: censorship and punishment. In terms of the censorship of the media content, it involves two steps: state censorship and self-censorship. State censorship is applied when speech and communication are contrary to state objectives, then the content is banned for dissemination. Self-censorship is the act of intently censoring ones own publications, blogs, films, news scripts, TV programs or other means of expression without direct pressure from the authority, in order not to disseminate the content against the government objectives. So after finishing ones work, he or she may remove inappropriate material for fear of sanction by the government. With the above two kinds of censorship, media only speak the voice of the government or ruling class instead of the people. With the regard to the punishment, the consequence is always conditioned by the seriousness of the illegal content. In the authoritarian rule, the state has the right to penalize individuals and media organizations for seditious libel (Robert McKenzie, 2006). Since the authoritarian societies are under the rule of men instead of law, the punishment can be various types according to the leaders will, such as confiscating private facilities, incarceration of media professionals, expiration, long-term prison, or even death. The content of media in different countries may vary, but one common feature of the authoritarian states in Asia is that media are controlled or owned by the state. Therefore, the information the audience received in the media reflect not the interest of the people but the ruling class, no matter how capable or how hard-working the leaders are, because it is the system of a state that decides the role of the media. à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚ ¡Reasons for the authoritarian seeking to control the media According to Denis Mcquail(2005), there are four types of control over media: control of content for political reasons; control of content for cultural and/or moral reasons; control of infrastructures for technical reasons; and control infrastructures for economic reasons. These reasons can serve as a guideline for the author to explore further. 1. Control for political reasons The influence of media in political societies is immense and should never be underestimated. As what Katrin Voltmer and Gary Rawnsley (2010)point out, the function of media in democratic society is to (a) provide a forum where all voices can be heard and engage in a dialogue with each other, and (b) to act as a watchdog of the government. However, the effect of these above two functions are what the authoritarian ruling elites want to decrease, because they are not only the functions, but inherent nature of media, and if without control, the innate force will bring the media to the peoples side. Then the pluralistic opinions and voices will appear that are unlikely all to conform to the political will proposed by the ruling elites. But if we stand at the point of the authoritarian government, the control seems to be necessary, because the media have too much potential power that could be used to unseat the state or destabilize the country (Robert McKenzie, 2006 73-74). What the authoritarian governments most badly need is stability, for in chaos the power of the people will release and it is uneasy to be taken control again. Take China as an example. The government makes every effort to forbid the expressions related to Tiananmen event in 1989, for fear of arousing another wave of opponents that might shake the foundation of the superstructure. Although the information is blocked in mainland China, related videos, books, magazines and reports from abroad still remain hard evidence, which can be a great threat against the authority of communist party. Only if those media become inaccessible to people can the central government avoid losing support from the public. Therefore, the authoritarian media can also be a watchdog, but to watch people instead of the government. Beside, given that the president or premier or the elite ruling group has the high morality, responsibility, wisdom and really concern the people, it is unlikely for them to make sure that every official they appoint or appointed by their appointers other than through the election from the people obey the principles of the constitution. Holding great power and backed by the superior, bureaucractism, red-tapism and corruption will generate, which means that only by controlling the media can they cover their bad deeds, without knowing from the above and the public. But if even the supreme rulers or elites group have ulterior or scandal of their own, degree of control will be much stricter and the free of media is far from possible. In addition, since the media belong to the government, they can be used as a powerful agency to propagate, reinforce and sublimate the value and merits of the ruling concept, thus win more trust and understanding over disagreement. The news from the state-owned media is always the wise decisions and favorable policies which give the people hope and better future, but seldom is there any voice that directly criticizes the state leaders or central government. 2. Control for cultural reasons Almost all authoritarian countries in Asia have their unique as well as dominating traditional or political culture. These cultures not only determine the patterns of thought of the people, but also provide a well constructed harbor for the elite ruling groups to prevent their regime from the impact of the outside world. Media, therefore, can serve as a useful tool to further strengthen the preexisted culture on the one hand, and to broadcast and spread the domestic culture to the world on the other. In this sense, to control the media is to some extent to control the mind of the mass people. The following analysis will focus on the analysis from several powerful cultures. The most distinguished culture in Asia may be Islamism, a belief that Islam is a political ideology, as well as a faith. For this culture, to control the media is to maintain the purity of the peoples thought and enhance the loyalty to the god. It is a modernist claim that political sovereignty belongs to God, that the Sharia should be used as state law, that Muslims form a political rather than a religious bloc around the world and that it is a religious duty for all Muslims to create a political entity that is governed as such.(http://www.quilliamfoundation.org/faqs.html) Based on the above definition, religious belief becomes legitimate tool and peoples behaviors are judged by the Quran. They believe in one God and resist other religions. Then the Islamic content is dominant in media. The western thought, belief, values as well as culture are severely censored and are considered conflict to Islam. For them, the religion and politic are tied extremely close to each other. So if the religion or culture is affected by outside or different impact, the political rule will also be impaired. Another powerful culture is communist culture. In this culture, to control the media is to prevent the attack and cultural impact from the outside world.In present China, North Korea, Laos, Vietnam, the culture is shaped by communist party rather than Confucianism, even though some parts of the behaviors and thoughts still follow the principles proposed by Confucius. Communist culture is relatively young but very influential. At the very beginning of the communist party, those vanguards did set up educational and honorable examples that inspire the fellow country men and women to fight against outside invasion. They did win peoples trust that the communist party will bring them freedom, democracy and equality. But communism is based on the philosophy proposed by Karl Marx that it is possible to create an egalitarian or classless society by means of working as a collective whole. Besides, there is a huge difference of the definition of democracy. While western world regard democracy a s characterized by free speech, two or multiparty and mass election, the communism believe that the democracy is to liberate people and let people become the sovereign master. Ever since the Marxism was applied by the developing countries, the capitalism has become their enemy. The western thought and value as well as ways of running economy are all considered as against the communist belief. Therefore, everything from the western world is banned or defined as evil. In extreme case like North Korea, the image of the party is always the representative of justice, while those western capitalist societies are shown as the lack enlightenment of communist thought. In this environment, the people are deprived of the idea to fight against free speech, liberty and democracy, because as what media show, there are in this process. 3. Control for technological reasons With the development of high technology, especially the booming of the internet, the battle between media control and anti-control has been largely upgraded. Modern communications technologies mean that authoritarian governments find it ever more difficult to hermetically seal their borders and prevent their people from receiving often uncomfortable news, information and opinion from overseas sources (Katrin Voltmer and Gary Rawnsley, 2010). On the other hand, the ruling elites clearly know that to control the core technology is to hold the initiative advantage, so the high technology is not only widely applied by people, but also by the government as a fairly useful tool to exercise censorship, underground investigation as well as supervisory. In other word, the authoritarian government plays the role of defense, while the dissidents and civil right fighters act as the role of offense, and the rest becomes the audience, looking on the development of the game. This means that even though people can create some software to get access to the blocked information, government then can renew the fire-wall and all kinds of software to block the sensitive expressions, detect the opinion initiators, or even control them. After all, the power of individuals is relatively small. They do not have enough economic income to keep them fighting longer. They are intelligent and are able to find the flaw of the censorship system, but seldom is there anyone daring to cross the bottom line of the ruling class. However, the government has sufficient financial support. It can establish well-equipped companies and hire a group of highly professional hackers or internet veterans to help the information control and monitoring. New technology or the new media does provide the citizens with a platform to voice out their opinions and unfair experience with the government and the exposed officials will do meet their deserved consequence. Nevertheless, no government wants its system to be corrupted and then lose its efficiency. In this sense, new technology also helps the government to find a new method to govern the stuff and officials. 4. Control for economic reasons When studying the media issues, economic respect should be considered, for mass media is not only a social institution, but also an industry. With the regard to the present essay, the reasons of media control from the economic perspective are mainly focused on the issue of ownership. Altschull(1984) in his second law of journalism says: the contents of media always reflect the interests of those who finance them. That is to say, the economic structure of the state decides the structure of the media industry, thus determines the role of media. Specifically, in authoritarian regime, the state owns the media, and the main sources of income are advertising, consumer revenue as well as the state financial support. What should be noticed is that the most powerful enterprises in authoritarian states are commonly the state-owned or royal relates-owned industries, which contribute a lion share of the advertising investments. Those state-owned companies not only have continuously financial support from the central government, but also take control of the choices of the consumers, in other word, the market. The vulnerable private media companies, though exist, can seldom have the opportunities to set foot in the most influential market like broadcasting industry and are fac ed with severe competition from various aspects. Then the domination of powerful state-owned companies in communication industries remains as an impassable barrier for private sectors. Consequently, since the government controls the market, that media are controlled becomes a nature process. à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚ ¢ Conclusion The study of the relationship between government and the media involves a various range of research and analysis. The present essay at first introduces the situation of media in authoritarian regimes in Asia. When media are unable to perform as an agent of democratic transition and consolidation, they become the important means of enforcing the authoritarian or totalitarian rule. Serving as the lapdog and gatekeeper of the government and accompanied by the relevant law and policy, the position of media is fixed and can hardly be changed. Consequently, the people have to be careful with the serious censorship and take the risk of being punished if they seek to rebel the government will. The purpose for government to control the media can be analyzed in four aspects. The first one is the political aspect that government takes the media as a useful tool to maintain the stability of ideology, reinforce the governance and to hide truth and dirt deeds of the rulers themselves. In terms of the cultural reasons, the author tries to find result from studying to distinctive cases of Islam culture and communist culture. A common feature of the both cultures is that the government seeks to manipulate media through keeping the purity of the culture, thus erecting a shield to resist the western democratic thought and culture. With the regard to the technological sphere, the government does realize the potential threat from the booming internet communication, so they intently act as a powerful defender to defend the attack from the domestic and abroad on the one hand, and makes most use of the high technology to strengthen itself on the other. The last reason is from the economic sphere that since the authoritarian government has the huge influence on the market, it influences the media industry as well. Owned and financed by state-run enterprises, the media industry is unchallengeablely controlled by the government. All in all, the media independence is a long process, and the freedom of media and information follows the political reform, cultural transformation and globalization, technological advancement as well as economic development. Although media are controlled, they are still able to play a significant role in pushing forward the social progress of these authoritarian countries in Asia,

Health Problems and Your Food Essay -- Nutrition

Human bodies are naturally created to break down simple foods. As a growing population we have had to create technology that keeps up with the demand for food. In generating this technology we have created food that our bodies are not fully capable of breaking down without having some sort of negative health effect. The food industry uses thousands of chemicals and additives to preserve our food and our bodies are fighting back. Nitrates and nitrites are used in preserving meats and can cause numerous health problems that most of us are not aware of. Methemoglobinemia is a blood disorder where oxygen carrying molecules (hemoglobin) builds up and does not get the appropriate oxygen throughout your body. Methemoglobinemia can cause comas, convulsions, and cyanosis (a blue or purple discoloring of the skin due to lack of oxygen) According to the Agencey for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry not only are you at risk for Methemoglobinemia, but you are eating your way to potential cancer. â€Å"Elevated risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and cancers of the esophagus, nasopharynx, bladder, and prostate have been reported† ("Case Studies in Environmental Medicine (CSEM) Nitrate/Nitrite ToxicityWhat Are the Physiological Effects of Exposure to Nitrates/Nitrites?") Nitrates are also known to cause headaches, neasuea, vomiting, and asthma. So sit down and enjoy your nice juicy steak if you dare.Sucralose and Acesu lfame Potassium (Acesulfame K) are both put in a lot of sugar free foods to supplement the lack of sugar. Sucralose is used to counteract the after taste of Acesylfame K. Sucralose is most commonly Splenda and has reports of many side effects to the human body. Some side effects include shrunken thymus gland, enlarged liver and kidneys. ... ...oduced today. To avoid getting health problems associated with food we need to educate ourselves on what is in our food. Works Cited "Bromine (Br) - Chemical Properties, Health and Environmental Effects." Water Treatment and Purification - Lenntech. 2009. Web. 29 Mar. 2011. . "Case Studies in Environmental Medicine (CSEM) Nitrate/Nitrite ToxicityWhat Are the Physiological Effects of Exposure to Nitrates/Nitrites?" Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. USA.GOV, 24 Sept. 2007. Web. 29 Mar. 2011. . "Debating the Safety of Milk from rBGH-Treated Cows (sidebar)." Issues & Controversies On File: n. pag. Issues & Controversies. Facts On File News Services, 12 Feb. 1999. Web. 15 Apr. 2011. . Health Problems and Your Food Essay -- Nutrition Human bodies are naturally created to break down simple foods. As a growing population we have had to create technology that keeps up with the demand for food. In generating this technology we have created food that our bodies are not fully capable of breaking down without having some sort of negative health effect. The food industry uses thousands of chemicals and additives to preserve our food and our bodies are fighting back. Nitrates and nitrites are used in preserving meats and can cause numerous health problems that most of us are not aware of. Methemoglobinemia is a blood disorder where oxygen carrying molecules (hemoglobin) builds up and does not get the appropriate oxygen throughout your body. Methemoglobinemia can cause comas, convulsions, and cyanosis (a blue or purple discoloring of the skin due to lack of oxygen) According to the Agencey for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry not only are you at risk for Methemoglobinemia, but you are eating your way to potential cancer. â€Å"Elevated risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and cancers of the esophagus, nasopharynx, bladder, and prostate have been reported† ("Case Studies in Environmental Medicine (CSEM) Nitrate/Nitrite ToxicityWhat Are the Physiological Effects of Exposure to Nitrates/Nitrites?") Nitrates are also known to cause headaches, neasuea, vomiting, and asthma. So sit down and enjoy your nice juicy steak if you dare.Sucralose and Acesu lfame Potassium (Acesulfame K) are both put in a lot of sugar free foods to supplement the lack of sugar. Sucralose is used to counteract the after taste of Acesylfame K. Sucralose is most commonly Splenda and has reports of many side effects to the human body. Some side effects include shrunken thymus gland, enlarged liver and kidneys. ... ...oduced today. To avoid getting health problems associated with food we need to educate ourselves on what is in our food. Works Cited "Bromine (Br) - Chemical Properties, Health and Environmental Effects." Water Treatment and Purification - Lenntech. 2009. Web. 29 Mar. 2011. . "Case Studies in Environmental Medicine (CSEM) Nitrate/Nitrite ToxicityWhat Are the Physiological Effects of Exposure to Nitrates/Nitrites?" Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. USA.GOV, 24 Sept. 2007. Web. 29 Mar. 2011. . "Debating the Safety of Milk from rBGH-Treated Cows (sidebar)." Issues & Controversies On File: n. pag. Issues & Controversies. Facts On File News Services, 12 Feb. 1999. Web. 15 Apr. 2011. .

Starving Society :: essays research papers

Starving Society   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It has been said that hunger is sharper than the sword. This saying becomes much clearer after reading the book The Siege, by Helen Dunmore. The book paints an overpowering picture of the suffering that accompanies starvation. I know I was much more thankful for the food I have after reading the book. The story takes place in 1941 in Leningrad. It is a time when the people of Leningrad are overwhelmed by the fear of Stalin’s secret police and also the rumors that the Germans are coming to take over the city. Eventually, the Germans surround the city cutting off the food supply and escape routes. Over six thousand people were killed in Leningrad that winter, mainly from starvation. The book depicts the day to day hardships that one family endures dealing with hunger and the harsh winter. The book explores how the war and lack of food affect both the human body as well as the effect on society as a whole. John of Salisbury’s â€Å"The Body Social† uses the body to explain different parts of society and how they need to all work harmoniously to be healthy. John of Salisbury’s â€Å"The Body Social† can be used a guide to illustrate the wasting away of the people of Leningrad and their society as a whole.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The common person and average worker of a society are important to the survival of the society because they are the farmers and factory workers that are responsible for producing all of the goods and services that are needed. John of Salisbury refers to these people as the feet of the body because they are the base that holds the society up. In The Siege most of the main characters are these common people. Characters like Anna who is a nursery assistant that is responsible for taking care of her family. Also Andrei, a doctor in training, who helps take care of the sick. They are the people who keep day to day life going. Once the Germans surrounded Leningrad they cut off the food supply and electricity. The Germans bombed warehouses full of food and â€Å"Thousands of tons of sugar, flour, fats and meat vanish overnight† (132). The food rations given to these people were as little as a couple of pieces of bread a day (191). The common people of Leningrad be gan to starve and freeze and most were no longer able to do their jobs.

My First Day of College :: Autobiography Essay, Personal Narrative

â€Å"College is nothing but high school with ashtrays.† My friend Ron left me with this original piece of advice before I left for college on August 30th. In the weeks following, this clichà © would seem prophetic. It would not, however, be accurate today. It was September 1st, and I was officially a college freshman. All my dreams were to be realized. The halls would be paved with intellectuals, and the walls would be plastered with philosophers. State College was my Ellis Island. It would be a far cry from my high school, whose halls were paved with punks and whose walls were plastered with simpletons. The entire student body would be eager to debate and discuss the Bible, politics, philosophy — everything that I love to talk about. â€Å"State College is Plato’s academy reincarnated,† I thought to myself as I kicked and hopped my way into my left pant leg. No one could convince me otherwise. All of these things were true. They had to be: this is colle ge. No nervous stomach, no second thoughts — just an anxious heart. By 10 p.m. on August 31st, I was in bed. â€Å"You are going to be ready on Wednesday,† I said to myself. Granted, my first class did not start until eleven, and I had not gone to sleep earlier than two in the morning all summer. But I felt as if I had to be in bed by ten. Time always seems to be the tortoise when you want it to be the hare. That was one of the many thoughts taking refuge in my mind as the clock ticked past 11:59 p.m. As the first hour began, I lay motionless on my bed of rocks. During this time, I became eerily familiar with my new ceiling. Its flawed construction, rippled paint, and simple off-white hue comforted me. These otherwise unnoticeable imperfections reminded me of home. Earlier that month, I exclaimed to my mother how eager I was to escape from the penitentiary that I called home, and now I was having nostalgic thoughts about it. I laughed at the glaring irony and slowly drifted to sleep. By 10:45 a.m., I joined the procession of pupils on my way to my first college class. Uniformity among the masses seemed like one of the many luxuries that freshmen were not deemed worthy to have. (Kindness from most upper-classmen was one of the others that stood out on that day.

Reggie Bush Scandal

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Organisations External Relationships And Its Internal Capabilities Commerce Essay

Schemes are formulated and driven by senior direction to whom we expect to put Strategic way. Such schemes are so adopted by concerns in order to enable them to accomplish their concern aims. By looking at the external and internal capablenesss of the concern a new degree of sustainability have to be considered and ‘businesses are implanting sustainability to their schemes. ‘ ( Mertins 2012 ) We will research concerns schemes like Porter ‘s ( 1985 ) generic competitory schemes which provide a sustainable industry. Barney ‘s ( 1980 ) resource base position looks how this has improved the concerns sustainability. I will be using this theory to existent life administrations looking at Physical ; Human ; Technological and Organisational facet of the concern. Finally I will research the external parts of the administration with this theory and seeing what is valuable ; rare and what makes them ‘Imperfectly Imitable ‘ ( Barney 1980 ) as a concern. Busine ss Strategies that I will analyze are ; Cost leading ( Porter, 1985 ) and Differentiation ( Bowman and Faulkner, 1996 ) . Therefore integrating Cost Leadership and distinction and explicating how this affects the internal capablenesss and external relationships within an administration. Following on from this I will look at Corporate Social Responsibility ( CSR ) is a concern scheme which involves the full concern, whereas the Porter ( 1985 ) and Bowman and Faulkner ( 1996 ) concern scheme which merely involves a subdivision of a concern. I have selected Microsoft as a taking illustration of Carroll ( 1991 ) theory on the ‘the pyramid of corporate societal duty, analyzing how they have succeeded by carry throughing the four degrees of the pyramid utilizing this scheme. I will look how CSR affects ‘Triple Bottom Line ‘ ( Elkington 2004 ) and the external relationships and the internal capablenesss of Microsoft. Other schemes concerns can follow are ‘differentiation by trade name ; distinction by design: distinction by positioning ; distinction by engineering and eventually distinction by invention ‘ ( Baroto, 2012 ) . I will concentrate on Apple ‘s concern scheme to put themselves apart from other rivals through engineering. Furthermore Apple scheme to distinguish themselves you can reason that they are concentrating on â€Å" Luxury good † market section and peculiar types of audience. Apple created a new selling niche by puting capital in research, which allowed them to hold a alone engineering advantage against rivals which is sustainable for the hereafter. Firstly internal capablenesss have improved and the technological progresss have meant that Apple is able to hold an automated production line to better efficiency, which so improves the overall quality of the merchandise. However the upfront cost in execution is highly high and the cost of puting quality cont rol can be clip devouring. This could impact the internal and external relationships with Apple employees and providers as the production is chiefly automated this means that labor costs will be reduced and could ensue in occupation cuts for the concerns. One of Apples Core competences is the alone engineering that they adapt to their merchandises this competency is good protected by patents which stop rivals utilizing the engineering that Apple has. Apple does take a cost leading ( Porter 1985 ) attack. Buyer Power ( Porter ‘s Five Forces 1985 ) there is merely two different providers of memory french friess and the microprocessors and OS french friess nevertheless for keyboards ; disc drivers there are many different providers this means that providers will better the quality of their merchandises and lower their monetary values for Apple hence go forthing the provider in a low provider place. By maintaining the providers cost down through Buyer power this means that Net income borders are maximised doing Apple providers sustainable for the hereafter. Second the environment is a immense issue set uping Apple externally and focused on happening energy that is renewable. Apple is continually ‘working towards the end of accomplishing net zero energy plans for our corporate installations worldwide ‘ . ( Apple Environment Report 2012 ) Apple is besides working with the authorities to run into environment marks bettering their External relationships. Apple has a demand that all supplier s have to be environmentally friendly when bring forthing natural stuffs. Apple utilises purchaser power ( Porter, 1985 ) to guarantee that their providers are utilizing eco-friendly processing processs and in the transit of the merchandises to Apple. The provider adheres to petitions by Apple as they are major client. I am now traveling to use Barney ‘s ( 1980 ) resource based position to look further in the internal and external facets of the concern. Apple is really financially stable and booming in their current market as net incomes twelvemonth in and twelvemonth out seem to increase. Apple is world-wide company and has mills that are based in Asia the donees of this is are ; works out cheaper to transport the goods so base the mill in USA due to chiefly of revenue enhancement rates and labor costs are higher in USA than Asia. Apple ‘s human resource was Steve Jobs who innovated many of Apples finest thought ‘s and made Apple successful. Steve Jobs was a invaluable plus to the concern. Furthermore Steve Jobs thoughts boasted the Technological facets of the concern with new technological thoughts in their merchandises which helped them distinguish themselves against their rivals both in bend helped the internal capablenesss of the concern. Apple ‘s most valuable plus is the iconic engineering which they possess and they protect their promotions against their competition through patents. These engineerings allowed them to implement their scheme which is to stand out in the luxury good market and making a new selling niche which helps them stand out against their rivals. By standing out it brings high returns to their stockholders bettering the external relationships and Apple has done this through engineering promotion doing this rare ( Barney 1980 ) facet of the concern. Branding of Apple is alone as they still see themselves as frontier in the engineering industry. Apple brands themselves as a luxury good this is apparent when recession occurred in 2008 and they did n't drop the monetary values as a consequence they would bare the loss nevertheless this did n't impact their trade name image. I would see Apple ‘s trade name image to be amiss imitable which makes Apple sustainable for the hereafter. Corporate Social Responsibility ( CSR ) scheme like Carroll ( 1991 ) identifies ‘the pyramid of corporate societal duty ‘ . There are 4 different degrees which a concern should travel through to go a successful company. Microsoft is an illustration of a company that has completed the four degrees of pyramids of societal duty. Economic duty to extent stockholders should see a return on their investing like providers ; clients and employees. Carroll ( 1991 ) believes that this is required in order to do a concern a success on the other manus we have the Friedman ‘s attack which some companies take as the neoclassical attack ‘The concern of concern is concern ‘ ( Friendman YEAR ) and would merely make any degrees of the Carroll ‘s ( 1991 ) Pyramid if it was to increase the company value with that peculiar company. Elkington ( 2004 ) theory on ‘Triple Bottom Line ‘ on sustainability an facet being Economic growing which Microsoft has to see . Microsoft with the new invention of Windows 8 has improved the external facet of the concern and helps excite economic growing more significantly this new invention has helped Microsoft internally as investors are more likely to put because of the possible output in market portion. This is good hazard direction in that they have lowered hazards for investors and will hopefully convey value for stockholders. Rubenstein stated ( 1994 ) ‘If your rate of invention likely to be competitory in the longer term ‘ in short ‘Are your net income borders sustainable ‘ for Microsoft to be successful they will hold adopt new wider constructs like Social capital and natural capital to turn as a concern. Microsoft does so when they create successful merchandises and dainty employees reasonably. The following degree in the pyramid is known as legal duty where they take note and accept the different Torahs around the universe. Microsoft is a great illustration as a planetary house they have to reconsider the different degrees of rewards in different states every bit good as the jurisprudence and statute law in different states. Microsoft are expected to follow jurisprudence and statute law about maintaining environment clean with Elkington ( 2004 ) theory about Triple Bottom Line it looks how Environment stewardship of a concern and how this contributes to sustainability for the hereafter. Microsoft has given clients information of what makers do when clients want to trash their old laptop and what schemes the maker offers. Furthermore Microsoft has updates Windows 7 so that it designed to cut down power ingestion which in bend improves the environment. Environment is a turning external factor that administrations have to see with judicial proceeding and ordinances. ( Microsoft – hypertext transfer protocol: //www.microsoft.com/environment/ ) The 3rd degree to this pyramid is being ethically responsible significance that beyond the jurisprudence it should be ‘expected ‘ by a concern. ( Carroll, 1991 ) By being an ethical concern this enables Microsoft to hold repeated gross revenues from their clients. Branding is another manner in which Microsoft usage and trade name themselves as Socially Responsible or an ethical concern and derive good public dealingss which could take to increased gross revenues and increased net incomes. Mintel ( 1994 ) ‘demonstrates that clients are willing to pay more for ethical merchandises. ‘ Wilson ( 1997 ) says ‘even during the recession there are clients who seek goods and services which have both been environmentally friendly and have been produced ethically. ‘ This demonstrates that clients who know that the point has been branded ethically that they are more likely to buy the merchandise which Microsoft adopts within their policies. Finally the concluding degree of the pyramid is Philanthropy duty. Carroll ( 1991 ) deems this to be desirable which frequently leads to better quality of life of employees, it besides includes contribution such as charities and instruction causes. Microsoft laminitis Bill Gates has set up a foundation for Philanthropic causes ; The returns of one have been used to help Ghanaian farming engineering in order to do a sustainable resource. ( Greene, 2009 ) Microsoft has fulfilled the Carroll ( 1991 ) Pyramid which scheme has been successful for Microsoft. Elkington ( 2004 ) in ternary bottom line negotiations about the Social advancement of a company Microsoft has demonstrated that they are invariably working with people an illustration of this Bill Gates did take clip to make Philanthropic activities to better quality life and to give more chances to employees. Last I am traveling to reflect on Corporate Social Responsibility scheme where the whole concern is driven to success ; the generic schemes that a concern could set about are cost leading and distinction where they focus on a concern section like production and doing their concern a success. In decision a concern should concentrate on a section of their company or concentrating on the whole concern to do the concern a success. From the Porter ( 1995 ) generic schemes I have found that a concern that has adopted any of the schemes have been successful provided the scheme has been implemented right which all these concern illustrations did. It is of import for a concern to do a pick between the cost leading scheme ; distinction or scheme as a concern that is â€Å" stuck in the center † is normally unsuccessful. ( Baroto, 2012 ) The resource base position ( Barney 1980 ) looks at a concern external and internal facets of the concern and to follow on Apple is truly is successful as resource based position has revealed that Apple has some rare and Imperfectly imitable which allows them to be successful and sustainable. Elkington ( 2004 ) theories incorporates ternary bottom line to place facets of the concern. I have to reason that utilizing this on Microsoft has brought out some cardinal external relationships and internal capablenesss more significantly shows that Microsoft is highly sustainable and therefore why Microsoft has been a successful concern because their high sustainability. Using the CSR scheme can do a concern successful by utilizing the whole concern to accomplish their concern purposes which in bend improves the internal and external capablenesss of the company. Carroll ‘s ( 1991 ) attack states that the ‘Pyramid of societal duty ‘ means a concern should take for Philanthropy duty as it is deemed to be desirable nevertheless some concerns will take the Friedman attack ‘the concern of concern is concern ‘ REFERE NCE and a concern would merely pattern philanthropic gift duty if it were to better their net incomes. All of these schemes have their advantages and disadvantages and all have improved facets of internal and externals relationships of a concern.